Said Eloudrhiri's hands-on HOWTOs and fixes for Linux, terminals, networking, security and developer tooling.https://noratek.blog/enhttps://noratek.blog/howto/macos-per-keyboard-input-source-karabiner/https://noratek.blog/howto/macos-per-keyboard-input-source-karabiner/Make macOS pick the right input source for whichever keyboard you actually type on — French (Mac) for the built-in and Apple keyboards, French-PC for a Keychron V6 Max — using two Karabiner-Elements rules, plus the two traps that silently break it: keyboards that also declare themselves as pointing devices, and the console user server not restarting after a Karabiner update.Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-09-06T00:00:00.000Zmacoskarabinerkeyboardinput-sourcekeyboard-layoutlaunchdtroubleshootinghttps://noratek.blog/howto/grub-btrfs-boot-into-snapshots-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/grub-btrfs-boot-into-snapshots-fedora/Add a 'Fedora Linux snapshots' submenu to the GRUB boot screen so you can boot directly into a snapper snapshot when the system won't start after a bad update — the recovery case plain snapper can't cover because it needs a working system to log into. grub-btrfs is not in Fedora's repos, so it comes from the kylegospo COPR; a grub-btrfs watcher unit regenerates the menu whenever snapper adds/removes a snapshot. Three gotchas covered: the packaged grub-btrfs.path unit binds to a .snapshots.mount unit that exists only when /.snapshots is separately mounted, so a nested /.snapshots needs a local systemd override; making a rollback permanent cannot use 'snapper rollback', which is silently ignored on a Fedora install that pins subvol=root — the subvolume swap is the procedure that works; and menu generation fails silently, with no output whatsoever, when run from a directory root cannot enter (a FUSE mount such as an rclone-mounted ~/Dropbox), leaving grub2-probe to abort with 'cannot restore the original directory'. Includes the important separate-/boot caveat (kernel/initramfs live on an ext4 partition and are NOT snapshotted) and read-only snapshot boot. Also covers Fedora's menu_auto_hide mechanism: hide the boot menu on healthy boots while it reappears on its own after a failed one, so the snapshot entries are there exactly when they are needed — plus how to summon it on demand for a deliberate rollback. Optional follow-on to the snapper setup.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Zgrub-btrfsgrub2snapperbtrfssnapshotsrollbackbootrecoverycoprfedorablshttps://noratek.blog/howto/rclone-dropbox-online-only-fedora-44/https://noratek.blog/howto/rclone-dropbox-online-only-fedora-44/Get an online-only Dropbox workflow (similar to Smart Sync on Mac/Windows) on Fedora via an rclone FUSE mount driven by a systemd-user service, with on-demand VFS cache and automatic upload.Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Zrclonedropboxfusesystemdfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/snapper-btrfs-restore-points-dnf-hook-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/snapper-btrfs-restore-points-dnf-hook-fedora/Install and configure snapper on a Fedora Btrfs-on-LUKS system to create filesystem restore points: a root config with hourly timeline snapshots and auto-cleanup, plus automatic pre/post snapshots around every dnf transaction. Fedora 44 uses dnf5, which has no snapper plugin, so the dnf hook is wired up with the libdnf5 'actions' plugin calling a small wrapper script that labels snapshots by operation (dnf install / upgrade / remove). Covers what a root config does and does not capture on Fedora's multi-subvolume layout, why /.snapshots belongs in a top-level subvolume rather than nested inside root, and — the part most guides get wrong — why 'snapper rollback' cannot work on a Fedora install that pins subvol=root in fstab and on the kernel command line, with the subvolume-swap procedure that does.Sat, 11 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-08-14T00:00:00.000Zsnapperbtrfssnapshotsrestore-pointsdnf5libdnf5-actionsfedoraluksbackuprollbacksubvolumeshttps://noratek.blog/howto/keybase-fuse-mount-blocks-flatpak-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/keybase-fuse-mount-blocks-flatpak-fedora/Extension Manager (and every other Flatpak app) hangs forever at launch with unkillable processes. The cause is not the app: it is the Keybase redirector's dead FUSE mount on /keybase, which Flatpak stats while building its sandbox. How to identify it, unblock it without rebooting, and remove Keybase for good.Wed, 05 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-08-05T00:00:00.000Zfedoraflatpakfusekeybasegnometroubleshootinghttps://noratek.blog/howto/framework16-led-matrix-system-monitor-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/framework16-led-matrix-system-monitor-fedora/Turn the two Framework Laptop 16 LED Matrix input modules into stable left/right displays showing live CPU, memory, temperature and fan metrics — as bars, as figures or as pictograms — configured from a TOML file, re-read on the fly, with power-aware blanking and a systemd user service.Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-08-02T00:00:00.000Zframeworkled-matrixhwmoncros_ecsystemdudevtomlfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/fprintd-skip-when-lid-closed-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/fprintd-skip-when-lid-closed-fedora/Docked with the lid shut, every sudo/su/polkit prompt still tries the unreachable fingerprint reader first and makes you wait. Put a tiny lid check in front of pam_fprintd via pam_exec so PAM skips fingerprint and goes straight to the password prompt when the lid is closed — instantly, no daemon, reusing your existing enrolled prints.Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-19T00:00:00.000Zfedorafingerprintfprintdpamauthselectpam-execlidlaptophttps://noratek.blog/howto/kitty-ml4w-style-config-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/kitty-ml4w-style-config-fedora/Recreate the terminal experience from ML4W (My Linux for Work) — Kitty with native tabs and splits, a powerline tab bar, a JetBrainsMono Nerd Font, the Tokyo Night theme, and the Fastfetch system-info greeting on launch — on a plain Fedora GNOME desktop, no Hyprland or tmux required.Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-19T00:00:00.000Zkittyterminalml4wfastfetchtokyo-nightnerd-fontfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/ptyxis-starship-tux-prompt-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/ptyxis-starship-tux-prompt-fedora/Turn Fedora's default Ptyxis terminal into a polished setup: a JetBrainsMono Nerd Font, a Starship powerline prompt, and a leading OS glyph swapped from the Fedora mark to the Tux penguin.Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-19T00:00:00.000Zptyxisstarshipterminalnerd-fontfedoragnomehttps://noratek.blog/howto/chrome-wont-start-after-hostname-change-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/chrome-wont-start-after-hostname-change-fedora/Google Chrome silently fails to launch after a hostname change. The cause is a stale SingletonLock symlink in the user profile that still encodes the old machine name; deleting the Singleton* lock files restores normal startup. Applies to every Chromium-based browser and Electron app.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-18T00:00:00.000Zfedoragoogle-chromechromiumhostnametroubleshootinglinux-desktopprofile-lockhttps://noratek.blog/howto/fedora-mise-flutter-android/https://noratek.blog/howto/fedora-mise-flutter-android/Set up a complete Flutter toolchain on Fedora 44 / GNOME using mise as the runtime version manager, with the Android SDK in the default ~/Android/Sdk so flutter doctor detects it without extra configuration — ending with 'No issues found' across Android, web and Linux desktop targets.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-18T00:00:00.000Zfedoraflutterdartmiseandroidandroid-studiointellijzshhttps://noratek.blog/howto/gnome-macos-screenshot-shortcuts/https://noratek.blog/howto/gnome-macos-screenshot-shortcuts/Replicate the macOS screenshot key bindings (Cmd+Shift+3/4/5) on GNOME so muscle memory carries over from a MacBook — including the non-obvious part: Dash to Dock silently steals Super+Shift+N, and the pre-GNOME 42 gsettings keys no longer exist.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-18T00:00:00.000Zgnomewaylandkeybindingsgsettingsdash-to-dockscreenshotmacosfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/install-claude-code-fedora-zsh/https://noratek.blog/howto/install-claude-code-fedora-zsh/Install Claude Code on Fedora from Anthropic's signed dnf repository (the recommended method on Fedora/RHEL), configure it for zsh, migrate off a curl|bash native install, and demystify the "Update available!" banner that the stable channel triggers.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-18T00:00:00.000Zclaude-codeanthropicfedoradnfzshrpminstallationhttps://noratek.blog/howto/login-screen-keyboard-layout-stays-qwerty-debian-ubuntu/https://noratek.blog/howto/login-screen-keyboard-layout-stays-qwerty-debian-ubuntu/The desktop session uses the right keyboard layout, but the display manager greeter is still QWERTY. On Debian and Ubuntu the system-wide layout lives in /etc/default/keyboard and is applied by console-setup — localectl set-x11-keymap is deliberately disabled on these distributions.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-18T00:00:00.000Zdebianubuntukeyboardxkbconsole-setupgdmdisplay-managerhttps://noratek.blog/howto/login-screen-keyboard-layout-stays-qwerty-systemd-distros/https://noratek.blog/howto/login-screen-keyboard-layout-stays-qwerty-systemd-distros/The greeter of GDM, SDDM or LightDM ignores the layout configured in the desktop session. On localectl-driven distributions the fix is a single command that writes /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf — which Wayland greeters read too, via xkbcommon.Sat, 18 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-18T00:00:00.000Zfedoraarchopensusekeyboardxkblocalectlgdmsddmwaylandhttps://noratek.blog/howto/claude-code-disable-mouse-clicks/https://noratek.blog/howto/claude-code-disable-mouse-clicks/Since fullscreen rendering, Claude Code captures the mouse — clicking in the prompt moves the cursor and a stray click can hit 'Ask something' or a menu option (very easy to do by accident in the JetBrains/IntelliJ terminal). Disable click/drag/hover while keeping wheel scroll with CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_MOUSE_CLICKS=1, or kill mouse capture entirely with CLAUDE_CODE_DISABLE_MOUSE=1. There is no settings.json field and no CLI flag — only these environment variables — and a running session must be restarted to pick them up.Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-07-07T00:00:00.000Zclaude-codeterminalmousefullscreentuijetbrainsintellijfedoramacosenv-varhttps://noratek.blog/howto/fwupd-dbx-efivarfs-space-framework16-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/fwupd-dbx-efivarfs-space-framework16-fedora/fwupdmgr refuses the UEFI dbx (Secure Boot revocation list) update with "does not currently allow updates: Not enough efivarfs space, requested 30,7 kB and got 20,0 kB". The NVRAM variable store is full of legitimate, fragmented Secure Boot key data — the new dbx is larger than the free slot. Diagnose it safely with efivar/efibootmgr, understand why deleting boot entries or efivars does not help, and apply the proven fix: erase and restore Secure Boot keys to defaults in the BIOS, which repacks (defragments) the variable store. Tested on a Framework 16 AMD 7040 / Fedora 44, fwupd 2.1.5.Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-27T00:00:00.000Zframeworkfwupddbxuefisecure-bootefivarfsefivarsnvramfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/framework-laptop-bios-version-linux/https://noratek.blog/howto/framework-laptop-bios-version-linux/Read the running BIOS/UEFI firmware version of a Framework Laptop from Linux with dmidecode — install it on Ubuntu or Fedora, interpret every field (vendor, version, release date, ROM size, CPU family.model.stepping), cross-check with lshw and sysfs, and compare against the latest Framework release with fwupd before flashing.Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-25T00:00:00.000Zframeworkbiosuefidmidecodelshwfwupdubuntufedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/build-auto-deploying-astro-blog-ovh/https://noratek.blog/howto/build-auto-deploying-astro-blog-ovh/End-to-end recipe for a 100% static Astro blog whose content lives in a separate private GitHub repo, auto-cleaned at build time and deployed to OVH shared hosting over SFTP via GitHub Actions — covering OVH multisite, DNS/SSL, secrets, a push-to-publish loop, and the gotchas that actually bite.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-21T00:00:00.000Zastroovhgithub-actionsci-cdsftplftpstatic-sitedeploymentpagefindmermaidhttps://noratek.blog/howto/macos-super-copy-paste-fedora-gnome/https://noratek.blog/howto/macos-super-copy-paste-fedora-gnome/Remap the Super key so Super+C/V/X copy/paste/cut in every app and in the Ptyxis terminal on Fedora GNOME Wayland, just like Cmd+C/V on macOS.Sun, 21 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-21T00:00:00.000Zfedoragnomewaylandkeydptyxiskeyboardclipboardmacoshttps://noratek.blog/howto/ssh-git-github-hangs-fedora-gnome/https://noratek.blog/howto/ssh-git-github-hangs-fedora-gnome/git/ssh to GitHub hangs because GNOME's gcr-ssh-agent freezes when signing passphrase-protected keys and keeps re-hijacking SSH_AUTH_SOCK; fix by running an OpenSSH ssh-agent user service, exporting its socket via environment.d, and masking gcr-ssh-agent.Tue, 16 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-16T00:00:00.000Zsshgithubgitfedoragnomessh-agentgnome-keyringsystemdhttps://noratek.blog/howto/framework16-keyboard-backlight-pulsing-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/framework16-keyboard-backlight-pulsing-fedora/The FW16 white keyboard backlight self-toggles because of the QMK breathing effect; disable it with qmk_hid (built from source on Fedora).Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Zframeworkkeyboardbacklightfedoraqmkrusthttps://noratek.blog/howto/fw16-keyboard-backlight-gnome/https://noratek.blog/howto/fw16-keyboard-backlight-gnome/Wire the FW16's separate QMK keyboard backlight into native GNOME control (Quick Settings slider + brightness keys) via a kernel uleds virtual LED and a qmk_hid bridge daemon.Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Zframeworkkeyboardbacklightgnomefedoraqmkhttps://noratek.blog/howto/ghostty-crash-fedora-switch-to-ptyxis/https://noratek.blog/howto/ghostty-crash-fedora-switch-to-ptyxis/Ghostty 1.3.1 crashes at startup on Fedora 44 (a Linux-only bundled-fontconfig/glycin symbol clash); switch to Ptyxis — Starship is shell-side so it carries over, only login-shell and a Nerd Font need setting.Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Zghosttyptyxisterminalstarshipfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/ghostty-fontconfig-crash-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/ghostty-fontconfig-crash-fedora/Ghostty segfaults when a TUI app prints glyphs that need font fallback, caused by a corrupt user fontconfig cache holding mismatched cache-N versions; clear ~/.cache/fontconfig and rebuild to fix.Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Zghosttyfontconfigterminalcrashfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/gnome-keyring-fingerprint-login-prompt/https://noratek.blog/howto/gnome-keyring-fingerprint-login-prompt/After fingerprint login GNOME repeatedly prompts to unlock the password-encrypted Login keyring; the practical workaround (LUKS required) is to remove the keyring password so it auto-unlocks at session start.Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-14T00:00:00.000Zgnomekeyringfingerprintsecurityfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/fedora-luks-change-passphrase/https://noratek.blog/howto/fedora-luks-change-passphrase/Change a Fedora LUKS2 full-disk-encryption passphrase on a live, mounted system (header backup, luksChangeKey or add-then-kill keyslot) with no reboot or reinstall required.Sat, 13 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-06-13T00:00:00.000Zluksencryptioncryptsetupsecurityfedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/bandwidth-saturation-diagnostic-fedora/https://noratek.blog/howto/bandwidth-saturation-diagnostic-fedora/Cascading method to pinpoint the process, device, or protocol family responsible for abnormally low Internet throughput on Fedora (speedtest, nethogs, iftop, iw).Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Znetworkbandwidthdiagnosticwififedorahttps://noratek.blog/howto/ipv6-troubleshooting-fedora-proximus/https://noratek.blog/howto/ipv6-troubleshooting-fedora-proximus/Diagnose and fix broken IPv6 (slow browsing via Happy Eyeballs) on Fedora behind an Orbi in double NAT on a Proximus BBx, from the NetworkManager workaround to the Orbi pass-through fix and PMTUD.Sat, 09 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT2026-05-09T00:00:00.000Zipv6networkdnsproximusfedora